Gergely Zarand

Dynamics of ‘hadron' formation in repulsive non-equilibrium SU(n) Hubbard models

We study post quench dynamics in the repulsive n-color Fermi-Hubbard model, initialized in a pattern of empty and n-times occupied sites. In any dimension and for any finite interaction, U>0, this state is proven to relax to a negative temperature state. However, while for weak interactions, U/J ≤ 1, a negative temperature Fermi liquid-like, weakly interacting state appears, for U/J ≥ 1, quench spectroscopy as well as the behavior of time dependent correlation functions reveal the dynamical formation of heavy and strongly interacting composite particles. For n=3, in particular, most of the particles are bound to very heavy spinless 'baryons' (trions), strongly interacting with a dilute background gas of intermediate mass mobile 'mesons' (doublons) and of light SU(3) fermions. Dynamical correlations reveal that Baryons move diffusively, with a motion generated by collisions with the mesonic background. Similarly rich negative temperature states form for any n ≥ 2.

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